Washington – “The Day of Liberation” gave way to the day of Summit.
President Donald Trump turned back Wednesday with a series of harsh tariffs targeting friends and enemies in a bold bid to reshape the global economic order.
Trump’s early afternoon announcement followed a disastrous week in which Republican lawmakers and confidants personally warned him that tariffs could destroy the economy. His own aide had quietly issued warnings about financial markets before halting the tariff regime, which had flourished just a week ago at the Rose Garden ceremony.
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The stock market rose shortly after the face, ending the days of losses that forced older Americans to sink their savings to a 401(k) and reconsider their retirement plans.
Prior to Trump’s announcement, some of his advisors were mostly panicking about the bond market, according to senior administration officials. In contrast to what normally happens when stock prices fell and investors seek the security of the Treasury, 10-year Treasury bond rates have risen. The extraordinary dynamics meant that tariffs could push prices up at the same time, while people would either buy a house for a higher interest rate or pay more money to pay back credit card debt. Companies looking to expand will pay more for new loans.
Two of Trump’s most senior advisers, Treasury Secretary Scott Bescent and Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick, introduced the United Front on Wednesday, urging them to suspend tariffs in light of the bond market, executive officials said.
In a social media post, Trump announced a 90-day suspension. He said it would be used to negotiate transactions with dozens of countries that have expressed openness to revising trade terms that claim to exploit American businesses and workers. One exception is China. Trump has raised tariffs on the country’s biggest geopolitical rival to 125%, part of a tough escalation in the evolving trade war.
Trump announced plans to reverse the course a week after his appearance at Rose Garden and bring work back to the US. Trump declares, “My fellow Americans, this is the day of liberation,” showing the new, rising tariffs the country faces.
It proved to be short-lived.
The markets rushed in anticipation of a growing trade war, wiping out trillions of dollars of wealth. Democrats are trying to seize the issue and undermine Trump’s general appeal. He is the view that he can trust that he can guide the country’s economy.
“Donald Trump’s market clash vaporized a whopping $104,000 from his average retirement account,” Chuck Schumer, the DN.Y. Senate minority leader, said Wednesday on the Senate’s floor hours before Trump’s reversal.
This episode exposed the rift within a team of senior Trump advisers as the White House struggled to provide a clear and consistent discussion about the tariff period. Bescent appeared to be open to negotiations, but senior trade adviser Peter Navarro seemed to take a stronger stance.
Elon Musk, the billionaire Tesla CEO who has advised Trump about the government’s workforce, called Navarro “more stupid than a brick bag,” and Navarro described him as someone who “often a car rally.”
But the week-long drama underscored the dangers of the policy-making process, which is often tied to the wishes and whims of one man: Trump.
Asked about the dust between Musk and Navarro, Sen. Lindsey Graham, Trump’s golf partner, said, “I don’t think it’s important. It’s Trump that’s the only thing that matters.”
Markets tend to support predictability, as well as business leaders who decide where to build new plants. But there is a detour when Trump sets the course.
A friend who spoke to him recently said he didn’t give any indications Trump wouldn’t do “to quickly retreat to something like this.”
Trump sees other countries unfairly trading and views tariffs as a tool to make the US more competitive, people said.
“I’m sure he’ll work for him,” the person added, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Still, in the phase of the announcement on Wednesday, Trump and his aides had heard that they would urge alternative paths from GOP lawmakers and outside allies.
One was holding a show on Fox Business Network, where he was a senior economic adviser in Trump’s first term.
Kudlow told NBC News that he had “continuous” discussions with friends at West Wing about the need to negotiate with other countries before the US slaps them with permanent tariffs.
Describing Trump’s move as “great” on Wednesday, Kudlow added: “Trades are the best. In the last 48 hours, Trump has gone from negotiation to negotiation. It’s very clear that Bescent is now the point man in trade.”
The uneasy GOP lawmakers were also holding heavy weight.
Graham said he spoke with Trump on Tuesday night and said he was hearing from an automaker who is worried about how tariffs will affect their business. BMW operates a factory in Graham’s hometown and is one of the companies he said he spoke to.
Sen. John Kennedy, a lawmaker who was in contact with the administration, said he plans to have lunch with Bescent on Tuesday. On Wednesday, he told NBC News he was talking to the White House. Kennedy likened Trump to a “pitbull that caught a car.” Now he said, the question is, “What are you going to do with the car?”
After more market losses this week, Trump began to rethink. In his first term, he often saw the stock market’s ups and downs as a kind of report card on the presidency, celebrating its rise. The recession was attracting his attention.
“People were feeling a little sick,” he admitted at an event with the NASCAR Racing Champions on Wednesday.
“The past few days,” he began to consider suspending additional tariffs more seriously, he told reporters later that day with the appearance of an oval office. One prospect that intrigued him was personally negotiating a new trade contract with a country that was about to leave under the tariffs, senior administration officials said.
He made up his mind. Sitting with Bescent and Lutnick, he made a note that marks the 90-day postponement and ending.
“We wrote that wholeheartedly, didn’t we?” Trump said. “It’s written as something I think is very positive for the world and us, and we don’t want to hurt a country that doesn’t need to hurt them. They all want to negotiate.”
On this day, the Dow Jones industrial average rose by nearly 8%, eliminating all “liberation day” losses, but not all.
His administration insisted that, while everything seemed to be thought of, everything was unfolding as planned.
“You’ve seen the biggest economic master strategy from the US president of history,” White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller posted Wednesday afternoon.